[转]法语VS德语
Saturday, 18 August 2012
德语可以协助我们探索,法语则带我们直接迈向目的地;前一种语言应当用来描绘自然,后一种语言应当用来描绘社会。歌德在《威廉·麦斯特的学习时代》中写了一位德国女性,当她发现情人开始用法语给自己写信时,便察觉到对方打算抛弃自己。的确,法语中有许多语句是没有实质含义的,我们可以用它们来给予没有保证的希望,许下不必遵守的诺言。德语是比较僵硬的语言,这样很好,因为用德语讲出的谎言绝对是天下最令人憎恶的东西。这种语言冗长的结构、繁多的辅音和复杂的语法均拒绝为谎言提供修饰,而当一个人试图用它去做违背真理的事时,就在他开口的那一瞬间,他所用的语言就揭发了他的意图。
——斯达尔夫人《论德意志》12章。我翻的。
原文:
the German may assist us in exploring, the French brings us directly to the end; the one should be used in painting nature, the other in painting manners. Goethe, in his romance of Wilhelm Meister, makes a German woman say that she perceives her lover wishes to abandon her because he writes to her in French. There are in fact many phrases in our language by which we may speak without saying any thing, by which we may give hopes without promising, and promise without binding. The German is less flexible, and it does well to remain so: for nothing inspires greater disgust than their Teutonic tongue when it is perverted to the purposes of falsehood, of whatever nature it may be. Its prolix construction, its multiplied consonants, its learned grammar, refuse to allow it any grace in suppleness; and it may be said to rise up in voluntary resistance to the intention of him who speaks it, from the moment that he designs to employ it in betraying the interests of truth.
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歌德的原文在这里:
“一个不幸的印象,一个对我不忠实的朋友的可恨的回忆夺去了我对这个美丽而有教养的语言的兴趣。我现在是怎样从心眼里憎恨这个语言啊!在我们友爱的交往时间里他用德语写信,那是多么热忱的、真实的、有力的德语啊!现在,因为他要摆脱我,他开始用法语写信,过去他有时写法语信,那只是开玩笑时才这样做的。我感觉到,我注意到,这将意味着什么。他用祖国语言说就要脸红的字句,他现在能心安理得地写出来。……法语的确是世界语言,有成为通用语言的价值,以便大家彼此之间真正地欺骗和说谎!他的法文信件总让人百读不厌。如果人们愿意幻想的话,这些信听起来很亲切,甚至热情洋溢,可是仔细一观察,则只是滥调而已,可恶的滥调!他挫伤了我对这整个的语言,对法国的文学,甚至对说这国语言的高尚人士的美好而珍贵的名言的喜爱。我一听到法国话就发抖!”
——歌德《威廉·麦斯特的学习时代》,冯至、姚可昆译